The shape distinguish saccular and cylindrical bronchiectasis. Saccular bronchiectasis protrusions

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Bronchiectasis - a disease of the respiratory system, which is based on a regional expansion of bronchial branches, mainly in the lower lung segments (medium and small airways) associated with chronic nonspecific suppuration in their lumen.
Etiology and pathogenesis. Bronchiectasis may be acquired and congenital. In the vast majority of cases bronchiectasis refers to acquired diseases and due process, accompanied by local impaired patency of the bronchial segments until atelectasis or share: pneumonia, bronchitis, especially repetitive, measles, whooping cough, influenza, tuberculosis bronhoadenitom. Appearance of broncho-ectasia contribute congenital or acquired weakness of structural components bronchial wall, motility disorder bmi calculator it associated with the violation of innervation and blood flow, cystic vistsidoz and cystic fibrosis of the pancreas - an autosomal recessive congenital dysfunction of the exocrine glands of the digestive tract and the respiratory tract, accompanied by production of pathologically viscous mucus-rich glycoproteins, which clog the ducts of the glands, occlusive lumen of small bronchi and bronchioles.
Violation of bronchial obstruction in some cases leads to their deformation and the subsequent development of inflammation in the peribronchial and interstitial tissue, in others - to the initial shock lung tissue secondary bronchial distortion. Deterioration of the drainage function bmi calculator of bronchi 4 - to 6-th order is accompanied by activation of infection in the distal segments of the bronchial tree. In turn gnoimoe inflammation in the bronchial wall and peribrophialnoy tissue is the cause of destruction of bronchial epithelium, it metaplasia in stratified squamous epithelium, destruction of elastic elements. Ledut ongoing processes in the loss of elastic properties and tone of bronchial wall, reducing its stability when coughing, phlegm stretching. As a result, the bronchi gradually expanded and formed bronchiectasis. Simultaneously atelektazirovaniaya part of the lung shrinks, further penalized Airway.
Bronchiectasis congenital origin combined with other malformations - Kartagener's syndrome (characterized by a triad of symptoms: bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis, reflux bmi calculator location bodies); Turpin syndrome (malformation of the vertebrae and ribs, the expansion of the esophagus). The appearance of congenital bronchiectasis due to the existence of postnatal malformation - congenital atelectasis. In this disease, lung parenchyma in areas of atelectasis in the development stops, Sclerotherapy. However, increasing the bronchi type tubular glands that causes them to abnormal enlargement.
Pathological bmi calculator anatomy. At 2-3 most bronchiectasis localized in the left lung, preferably at the bottom lobe. In 1/3 of patients have bilateral disease. When combined with atelectasis bronchiectasis bmi calculator segment or lobe recently reduced in size, has a lighter color. Seen in cross section of bronchiectasis (bronchiectasis), containing pus.
The shape distinguish saccular and cylindrical bronchiectasis. Saccular bronchiectasis protrusions are formed due to bronchial wall to the side of least resistance, cylindrical - as a result of dilation. Distinguish and bronchiectasis, extended on the basis of inflammation bronchioles.
The first stage (initial) characterized by a limited expansion of the small bronchi to 0.5 - 1.5 cm in diameter. Bronchiectasis inside lined by columnar epithelium, contain mucus, pus, no.
In the second stage (suppuration) bronchial epithelium in some areas are exposed on a flat metaplasia. Ulcerated mucosa. In the wall of the bronchus is determined pronounced infiltration by polymorphonuclear cells. Dilatirovapnye bronchi contain pus.
In the third stage (destruction) of the bronchi is greatly enhanced. Destroyed and replaced by connective tissue and muscle bmi calculator fibers elastic wall. In the surrounding lung tissue progressing phenomenon inflammation and fibrosis, compensatory emphysema. Due to the ongoing processes giperteiziya occurs in the pulmonary circulation, right ventricular hypertrophy, gradually disturbed gas exchange. Progressive hypoxia, cron