Ketogenic diets are an effective healthy way of losing tong weight since they promote a non-atheroge

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Department tong of Genetic, tong University of Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, tong Córdoba, Spain
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.nutritionj.com/content/7/1/30 Received: 2 June 2008 Accepted: 26 October 2008 Published: 26 October 2008
This tong is an Open Access article distributed tong under the terms of the Creative tong Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided tong the original work is properly cited.
Ketogenic diets are an effective healthy way of losing tong weight since they promote a non-atherogenic lipid profile, lower blood pressure and decrease resistance to insulin with an improvement in blood levels of glucose and insulin. tong On the other hand, Mediterranean diet is well known to be one of the healthiest diets, being the basic ingredients of such diet the olive oil, red wine and vegetables. In Spain the fish is an important component of such diet. The objective of this study was to determine the dietary effects of a protein ketogenic diet rich in olive oil, salad, fish and red wine. Methods
A prospective study was carried out in 31 obese subjects tong (22 male and 19 female) with the inclusion criteria whose body mass index and age was 36.46 2.22 and 38.48 2.27, respectively. This Ketogenic diet was called "Spanish Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet" (SKMD) tong due to the incorporation of virgin olive oil as the principal source of fat ( 30 ml/day), moderate red wine intake (200 400 ml/day), green vegetables and salads as the main source of carbohydrates and fish as the main source tong of proteins. It was an unlimited calorie diet. Statistical differences between the parameters studied before and after the administration of the "Spanish Ketogenic Mediterranean diet" (week 0 and 12) were analyzed by paired Student's t test. Results
There was an extremely significant (p < 0.0001) reduction in body weight (108.62 tong kg 94.48 kg), body mass index (36.46 kg/m 2 31.76 kg/m 2 ), systolic blood pressure (125.71 mmHg 109.05 mmHg), tong diastolic blood pressure (84.52 mmHg 75.24 mmHg), total cholesterol (208.24 mg/dl 186.62 mg/dl), triacylglicerols (218.67 mg/dl 113.90 mg/dl) and glucose (109.81 mg/dl 93.33 mg/dl). There was a significant (p = 0.0167) reduction in LDLc (114.52 mg/dl 105.95 mg/dl) and an extremely significant increase in HDLc (50.10 mg/dl 54.57 mg/dl). The most affected parameter was the triacylglicerols (47.91% of reduction). tong Conclusion
The SKMD is safe, an effective way of losing weight, promoting non-atherogenic tong lipid profiles, lowering blood pressure and improving tong fasting blood glucose levels. Future research should include a larger sample size, a longer term use and a comparison with other ketogenic diets. Background
The international consensus is that carbohydrates are the basis of the food pyramid for a healthy diet and that the best way to lose weight is by cutting back on calories chiefly in the form of fat. It is generally believed that ketogenic diets may lead to the development of several diseases. However, many studies tong have found that ketogenic diets are healthier since they help to preserve muscle mass, reduce appetite, diminish metabolic efficiency, induce metabolic activation of thermogenesis, favor increased fat loss, promote a non-atherogenic lipid profile, lower blood pressure and decrease resistance to insulin with an improvement in blood levels of glucose and insulin [ 1 ]. Contrary to past opinions, high carbohydrate diets may be associated with: low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), high levels tong of triacylglycerols tong (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and total cholesterol [ 2 ], type 2 diabetes mellitus [ 3 ], metabolic syndrome, essential hypertension [ 4 ] and cancer [ 5 ].
Mediterranean diet has evident health benefits. Such diet is associated with a longer life span [ 6 , 7 ] and lower rates of coronary heart disease, certain cancers [ 8 ], hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes and obesity [ 9 ]. It is difficult to define which are the healthiest constituents of the Mediterranean diet, since it is a very varied diet that can change among the Mediterranean countries. For example, in Spain the fish is an important component [ 10 , 11 ] as well as the olive oil, red wine and vegetables, that are 3 essential components of such diet in all the countries. The healthy properties of the incorporation of olive oil, r